아동학대는 적극적인 가해행위뿐 아니라 소극적 의미의 단순 체벌 및 훈육까지 학대의 정의에 포함됩니다. 아동의 건강과 복지를 위협하는 학대 유형에 대해 살펴보고, 아이들을 학대로부터 안전하고 행복하게 지켜주는 노력이 필요합니다.
신체학대
신체학대 물리적 힘을 사용해 신체를 손상시키거나 공포를 느끼게 하는 모든 행위를 말합니다. 폭력을 휘두르는 것 외에도 아이의 몸을 붙잡고 강하게 흔들거나 밀어붙이는 등 완력을 사용해 신체를 위협하는 행위도 포함되지요. 훈육과 체벌은 아이의 몸에 상처를 남기거나 정신적 트라우마를 남기지 않는다는 점에서 뚜렷한 차이가 있음을 기억해 주세요.
정서학대
정서학대 언어적 모욕, 정서적 위협, 감금, 경멸 및 수치심을 주는 행위 즉 심리·정신적 학대를 말합니다. 폭언과 고함을 사용하는 언어폭력, 가정폭력을 목격하는 것, 버린다고 위협하거나 짐을 싸서 내쫓는 행위 등 모두가 정서학대에 속합니다.
성적학대
성적학대 보호자를 포함한 성인이 자신의 성적 충족을 목적으로 아이를 이용하는 행위입니다. 직접적인 성 행위뿐 아니라 옷을 강제로 벗기거나 신체를 만지는 것, 아동 앞에서 자신의 성기를 노출시키거나 만지는 행위도 성적학대에 포함됩니다.
방임
방임 돌봄이 필요한 나이이지만 이를 무시하고 기본적인 양육환경을 제공하지 않는 것을 ‘방임’이라고 하며, 이 역시 엄연한 학대입니다. 예를 들어 아이의 위생 상태가 청결하지 않거나 계절에 맞지 않는 옷차림을 한 경우 등이지요. 방임에는 원을 결석시키는 교육적 방임과 의료적 조치나 예방접종을 하지 않는 의료적 방임도 포함됩니다.
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